Journal: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Article Title: Ginsenoside Rb1 Prevents Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Muscle Stem Cells via NF- κ B Pathway

doi: 10.1155/2022/9159101

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuated the decrease of mitochondrial content by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. (a, b) Representative images of MitoTracker staining of C2C12 myoblasts in different groups. (c) Relative mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial DNA (normalized by nuclear DNA, n = 3 in each group). (d, e) Immunoblot detection of Tom20. (f, g) Immunoblot analyses of the genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis (Nrf1, PGC-1 α , TFEB). (h) Representative TEM images of C2C12 myoblasts from different groups. (i) The percentage of abnormal mitochondria in different groups. Data show mean ± SEM ( ∗ P < 0.05: control vs. other groups; & P < 0.05: H 2 O 2 vs. Rb1 groups).

Article Snippet: The C2C12 mouse myoblasts were cultured in confocal dishes and stained with JC-1 (JC-1 Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Assay Kit, Yeason, China), MitoTracker (MitoTracker Red CMXRos, Beyotime, Beijing, China), MitoSOX (MitoSOX Red Mitochondrial Superoxide Indicator, Yeason, Shanghai, China), or DCFH-DA (ROS Assay Kit, Beyotime, Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer's protocol.

Techniques: Staining, Expressing, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Environmental Epigenetics

Article Title: A systematic review of associations between the environment, DNA methylation, and cognition

doi: 10.1093/eep/dvae027

Figure Lengend Snippet: Data extraction—air pollution

Article Snippet: Joan Lee/2017 [ ] , China (upper–middle) , Cohort , Sample size: 305 mother/infant pairs N = 148pairs 2002 N = 157 pairs 2025 Mother’s living within 2.5 km of Tongliang power plant, nonsmoking, mothers >20 years of age. Mean age: mother’s age: 2002 cohort—mean 25.27 years 2005 cohort—mean 27.8 years Children 5 years at cognitive testing Deprivation measure: mother’s education: 2002 cohort—51.68% high school or above 2005 cohort—42.68% high school or above Ethnicity NR Sex: Children 2002 cohort 74%F Children 2005 cohort 45.22%F , Cohort enrolment 2002 or 2005 , WISC at age 5 years , Sample: umbilical cord blood collected at delivery (buffy coat then separated). Bisulfite treatment: EZ-96 DNA methylation-lightning kit (ZYMO Research), LINE1 methylation at three CpGs in the promotor region by PCR of bisulfite DNA and pyrosequencing , Specific exposure: PAH exposure from coal power plant—closed in 2004 so samples collected 2002 vs 2005 to identify differences Measurement: PAH-DNA adducts measures from maternal (1-day postpartum) and umbilical cord white blood cell DNA by a high-performance liquid chromatography /fluorescence method Environmental context: all mothers were living within 2.5 km of the Tongliang coal-fired power plant located in Tongliang city. The power plant closed in 2004 (therefore cohort recruitment before and after to identify biological impacts) and was stated to be the principal source of air pollution in the city. Exposure length/time: NR , T -test for cohort comparative analysis Multivariate linear regression to look at the association between PAH-DNA adducts and LINE1 methylation and between LINE1 methylation and IQ score , Association between PAH-DNA adduct and LINE1 methylation levels—Mother’s age, mother’s education, household income, child gender. Regression analysis for LINE1 methylation and IQ scores—cord lead levels (Ln), gender, gestational age, and mother’s education , Outcome of interest: LINE1 methylation did not mediate the relationship between PAH-DNA adducts and IQ scores. Other outcomes: Significant differences in LINE1 methylation between cohorts: hypermethylation in 2005 (a = 0.05 in t test). PAH-DNA cord adduct level inversely associated with LINE1 methylation (β = − 0.010, P = .033, N = 217). LINE1 methylation positively associated with child IQ in WISC Full Scale (β = 85.304, P = .005) and verbal testing (β = 94.362, P = .003) (2002 cohort, children 5 years of age) , NR.

Techniques: Extraction, DNA Methylation Assay, DNA Extraction, Genome Wide, Methylation, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Fluorescence, Generated, Northern Blot

Journal: Environmental Epigenetics

Article Title: A systematic review of associations between the environment, DNA methylation, and cognition

doi: 10.1093/eep/dvae027

Figure Lengend Snippet: Data extraction—pesticides

Article Snippet: Joan Lee/2017 [ ] , China (upper–middle) , Cohort , Sample size: 305 mother/infant pairs N = 148pairs 2002 N = 157 pairs 2025 Mother’s living within 2.5 km of Tongliang power plant, nonsmoking, mothers >20 years of age. Mean age: mother’s age: 2002 cohort—mean 25.27 years 2005 cohort—mean 27.8 years Children 5 years at cognitive testing Deprivation measure: mother’s education: 2002 cohort—51.68% high school or above 2005 cohort—42.68% high school or above Ethnicity NR Sex: Children 2002 cohort 74%F Children 2005 cohort 45.22%F , Cohort enrolment 2002 or 2005 , WISC at age 5 years , Sample: umbilical cord blood collected at delivery (buffy coat then separated). Bisulfite treatment: EZ-96 DNA methylation-lightning kit (ZYMO Research), LINE1 methylation at three CpGs in the promotor region by PCR of bisulfite DNA and pyrosequencing , Specific exposure: PAH exposure from coal power plant—closed in 2004 so samples collected 2002 vs 2005 to identify differences Measurement: PAH-DNA adducts measures from maternal (1-day postpartum) and umbilical cord white blood cell DNA by a high-performance liquid chromatography /fluorescence method Environmental context: all mothers were living within 2.5 km of the Tongliang coal-fired power plant located in Tongliang city. The power plant closed in 2004 (therefore cohort recruitment before and after to identify biological impacts) and was stated to be the principal source of air pollution in the city. Exposure length/time: NR , T -test for cohort comparative analysis Multivariate linear regression to look at the association between PAH-DNA adducts and LINE1 methylation and between LINE1 methylation and IQ score , Association between PAH-DNA adduct and LINE1 methylation levels—Mother’s age, mother’s education, household income, child gender. Regression analysis for LINE1 methylation and IQ scores—cord lead levels (Ln), gender, gestational age, and mother’s education , Outcome of interest: LINE1 methylation did not mediate the relationship between PAH-DNA adducts and IQ scores. Other outcomes: Significant differences in LINE1 methylation between cohorts: hypermethylation in 2005 (a = 0.05 in t test). PAH-DNA cord adduct level inversely associated with LINE1 methylation (β = − 0.010, P = .033, N = 217). LINE1 methylation positively associated with child IQ in WISC Full Scale (β = 85.304, P = .005) and verbal testing (β = 94.362, P = .003) (2002 cohort, children 5 years of age) , NR.

Techniques: Extraction, DNA Methylation Assay, Control, Methylation, Pesticides, CpG Methylation Assay, Genome Wide, Cell Counting, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, DNA Extraction, Concentration Assay, Isotope Dilution